Egyptian hieroglyphs were a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians[ Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt.] that contained a combination of logographic[ A logogram, or logograph, is a grapheme which represents a word , known also as "ideograms" which represent ideas directly rather than words ] and alphabetic elements.
Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus and wood [ such as the Book of the Dead.]. Less formal variations of the script, called hieratic and demotic, are technically not hieroglyphs.
Egyptian hieroglyphs was a hard language. I had tried to collect some symbols in one artwork designed with photo-shop to show you some letters.
History of Egyptian hieroglyphs
Hieroglyphs emerged from the preliterate artistic traditions of Egypt.For many years the earliest known hieroglyphic inscription was the Narmer Palette, but on 1998 they discover at Abydos the first full sentence written in hieroglyphs so far .No definitive determination has been made as to the origin of hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt.
Hieroglyphs consist of three kinds of glyphs: phonetic glyphs, including single-consonant characters that function like an alphabet; logographs, representing morphemes; and determinatives, which narrow down the meaning of logographic or phonetic words.
As writing developed and became more widespread among the Egyptian people, simplified glyph forms developed,resulting in the hieratic (priestly) and demotic (popular) scripts.
Hieroglyphs continued to be used under Persian rule , and after Alexander the Great's conquest of Egypt, during the ensuing Macedonian and Roman periods .Some believe that hieroglyphs may have functioned as a way to distinguish 'true Egyptians' from some of the foreign conquerors.By the 4th century, few Egyptians were capable of reading hieroglyphs, and the myth of allegorical hieroglyphs was ascendant.
Writing System
Visually hieroglyphs are all more or less figurative: they represent real or illusional elements.However, the same sign can, according to context, be interpreted in diverse ways: as a phonogram (phonetic reading), as a logo-gram, or as an ideogram (semagram; "determinative") (semantic reading).
Doubling The doubling of a sign indicates its dual; the tripling of a sign indicates its plural.
Grammatical signs The vertical stroke, indicating the sign is an ideogram;
The two strokes of the "dual" and the three strokes of the "plural";
The direct notation of flexional endings.
There are more items to write about Egyptian hieroglyphs , but it will be so long ,so I tried to simplify it . I hope it was useful
HOW TO DESIGN? [The new item today is the use of the Line Tool]
Open new document and add new layer for every picture you will add .
MR
Manal Raafat
Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus and wood [ such as the Book of the Dead.]. Less formal variations of the script, called hieratic and demotic, are technically not hieroglyphs.
Egyptian hieroglyphs was a hard language. I had tried to collect some symbols in one artwork designed with photo-shop to show you some letters.
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| Egyptian hieroglyphs اللغة الهيروغليفيه |
History of Egyptian hieroglyphs
Hieroglyphs emerged from the preliterate artistic traditions of Egypt.For many years the earliest known hieroglyphic inscription was the Narmer Palette, but on 1998 they discover at Abydos the first full sentence written in hieroglyphs so far .No definitive determination has been made as to the origin of hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt.
Hieroglyphs consist of three kinds of glyphs: phonetic glyphs, including single-consonant characters that function like an alphabet; logographs, representing morphemes; and determinatives, which narrow down the meaning of logographic or phonetic words.
As writing developed and became more widespread among the Egyptian people, simplified glyph forms developed,resulting in the hieratic (priestly) and demotic (popular) scripts.
Hieroglyphs continued to be used under Persian rule , and after Alexander the Great's conquest of Egypt, during the ensuing Macedonian and Roman periods .Some believe that hieroglyphs may have functioned as a way to distinguish 'true Egyptians' from some of the foreign conquerors.By the 4th century, few Egyptians were capable of reading hieroglyphs, and the myth of allegorical hieroglyphs was ascendant.
Writing System
Visually hieroglyphs are all more or less figurative: they represent real or illusional elements.However, the same sign can, according to context, be interpreted in diverse ways: as a phonogram (phonetic reading), as a logo-gram, or as an ideogram (semagram; "determinative") (semantic reading).
Doubling The doubling of a sign indicates its dual; the tripling of a sign indicates its plural.
Grammatical signs The vertical stroke, indicating the sign is an ideogram;
The two strokes of the "dual" and the three strokes of the "plural";
The direct notation of flexional endings.
الهيرغليفية المصرية
تعني النقش المقدس وهو من نظم الكتابة التصويريه
استعملت الهيرغليفية كنمط كتابة رسمي لتسجيل الأحداث على المعالم والنصوص الدينية علي جدران المعابد والمقابر وأسطح التماثيل والألوح الحجرية المنقوشة والألواح الخشبية الملونة، وبسبب طبيعتها كانت تعد منذ القدم نظامًا للكتابة وفنًا زخرفيًا جميلاً في آن واحد، مثلها في ذلك مثل الخط العربي. ومن أهم الكتابات عند المصريين القدماء كتابة أسمائهم، وأسماء الأب والأم والأخوات، لأنهم كانوا يعتقدون أنه للبعث في الحياة الآخرة لا بد من المحافظة على اسم الشخص إلى جانب المحافظة على جثمانه، وضياع الاسم يعتبر الفناء الكامل. وكانوا يكتبون كذلك وظائفهم بحانب أسمائهن، مثل رئيس الكتاب أمنمحعت (امير-شس امنمحعت)، وإذا توفي رئيس الكتاب أمنمحعت مثلا، فكانوا يكتبون اسمه ووظيفته كالآتي : "امير-شس أمنمحعت، ماع خرو " أي رئيس الكتاب أمنمحعت ،الصادق في كلامه (أمام الآلهة يوم الحساب) بمعنى المغفور له
يعد الخط الهيرغلفي الأب الأول لكل نظم الكتابة اللاحقة إذ بنى قوم ساميون على بعض رموزه نظامًا أبجديًا لتسجيل أصوات لغتهم هو الخط السيناوي الأولي الذي استُنبطت منه لاحقا كل نظم الكتابة الأبجدية المعروفة في العالم تقريبًا، البائدة منها والباقية، وعلى رأسها الكتابة اليونانية القديمة والقبطية ثم الرومانية، ومنها كتابة اللغات الأوروبية
بعد اندثار المعرفة بقراءة الهيرغليفية في العصور المتأخرة انشغل عديدون بمسألة حل رموزها، وتذكر مصادر أن ذا النون المصري وابن وحشية كانا قادرين على قراءتها، ولو جزئيًا
ذو النون المصري هو ثوبان بن إبراهيم، كنيته "أبو الفيض" ولقبه "ذو النون"، أحد أعلام التصوف في القرن الثالث الهجري وهو ممن روى الحديث عن مالك بن أنس والليث بن سعد
خطوط أخرى
إلى جانب النظام الهيرغليفي وجد نظام كتابة أخر أكثر انسيابا واختزالا وأيسر في الكتابة اليدوية هو الخط الهيراطيقي الذي استخدم لكتابة الوثائق الدينية والطبية والإدارية والعلمية والأدبية، يعد تطوره مواكبا لتطور الخط الهيرغيفية وليس منحدرا منه ولا مبنيا عليه. بينما استنبط الخط الديموطيقي من الهيراطيقي في عصور لاحقة. وبعد الاستعمار اليوناني لمصر واختلاط الثقافتين المصرية واليونانية استُنبط نظام كتابة آخر لكتابة اللغة القبطية - وهي النمط الذي وصلن إليه اللغة المصرية في تلك الفترة التاريخية - هو الخط القبطي المبني على رموز الأبجدية اليونانية
تم فك رموز الكتابه المصريه القديمه بعد اكتشاف حجر رشيد
There are more items to write about Egyptian hieroglyphs , but it will be so long ,so I tried to simplify it . I hope it was useful
HOW TO DESIGN? [The new item today is the use of the Line Tool]
Open new document and add new layer for every picture you will add .
- Place the picture [ File - Place] .
- With the Type Tool add the words you like .
- The new item is using the Line Tool to make the central devision .Adjust the weight of the line to 5 pixels .Use the shift key to draw vertical straight line and select the style you like.
- Save your work.
MR
Manal Raafat
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