Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems.
Body mass index BMI :
It is defined as the individual's body weight divided by the square of his or her height.
BMI = mass( kg ) / height ( m )square
Body mass index (BMI), a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people as overweight (pre-obese) if their BMI is between 25 and 30 kg/m2, and obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m2 .
Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis.
The most commonly used definitions, established by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the BMI is :
Any BMI between 20-25 is overweight (pre-obese) and obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m2 .
Any BMI ≥ 35 or 40 is severe obesity
A BMI of ≥ 35 or 40–44.9 or 49.9 is morbid obesity
A BMI of ≥ 45 or 50 is super obesity
Causes of obesity :
Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness.
Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.
Treatment of obesity :
- Dieting and physical exercise are the mainstays of treatment for obesity. Moreover, it is important to improve diet quality by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods such as those high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber.
- To supplement dieting and physical exercise , or in case of failure, anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption.
- In severe cases, surgery is performed or an intragastric balloon is placed to reduce stomach volume and/or bowel length, leading to earlier satiation and reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food.
Mortality :
Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide.Large-scale American and European studies have found that mortality risk is lowest at a BMI of 20–25 kg/m in non-smokers and at 24–27 kg/m2 in current smokers, with risk increasing along with changes in either direction .
Morbidity :
Obesity increases the risk of many physical and mental conditions .It leads to Metabolic Syndrome,a combination of medical disorders which includes: diabetes mellitus type 2, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and high triglyceride levels.
السمنه
هو مرض يحدث فيه تكدس للدهون في الجسم بالحد الذى يضر الصحه بصفه عامه وتؤدى الى الاصابه بأمراض عديده مثل الضغط والسكر و يصلب الشرايين و زياده الدهون فى الدم مما يزيد ايضا من قابليه تكون الجلطات فى الدم بأماكن مختلفه من الجسم
مؤشر كتله الجسم BMI مقياس السمنه
Body mass indexاختصار ل
وهومن اشهر الطرق لقياس السمنه و هو غير دقيق بالنسبه للاعبين كمال الاجسام والحوامل
و يكون يقسمه وزن الشخص علي مربع طوله ( وزن الجسم / مربع الطول ) و تكون النتائج كالآتى
من 20 - 25 وزن زائد و هى مرحله ماقبل السمنه *
وتبدأ السمنه بعد نسبه 30 متدرجه من مرض السمنه الى سمنه خطيره تهدد الحياه *
HOW TO DO THAT ? Please watch the video up .
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