Life in Ancient Egypt in the Time of the Pharaohs{Part Two}

Welcome again to my second post about Life in Ancient Egypt to continue the story .I had divided it because it is long ,and I do not like you to get tired of me .
Thanks for your time .
MR

Agriculture
The ancient Egyptians had a rich fertile soil resulting from annual inundations of the Nile River,so Egyptians were able to produce an abundance of food .Farming in Egypt was dependent on the cycle of the Nile River.
The Egyptians recognized three seasons: Akhet (flooding from June to September ), Peret (planting  from October to February ), and Shemu (harvesting from March to May ) .Farmers used sickles to harvest their crops.
The ancient Egyptians cultivated emmer wheat, and barley, and several other cereal grains, all of which were used to make the two main food staples of bread and beer.
Papyrus growing on the banks of the Nile River was used to make paper. Vegetables and fruits were grown in garden plots .
They cultivate also flax plants ,which was used to weave sheets of linen and to make clothing.

Animals
The Egyptians believed that a balanced relationship between people and animals was an essential element of the cosmic order; thus humans, animals and plants were believed to be members of a single whole.
They use the animal's symbols to refer to their gods . the worship of the gods in their animal form was extremely popular, such as the cat goddess Bastet and the ibis god Thoth, and these animals were bred in large numbers on farms for the purpose of ritual sacrifice.

Daily life
*** Housing : Most ancient Egyptians were farmers tied to the land. Their houses were restricted to immediate family members, and were constructed of mud-brick designed to remain cool in the heat of the day. Each home had a kitchen with an open roof, which contained a grindstone for milling flour and a small oven for baking bread. Walls were painted white and could be covered with dyed linen wall hangings. Floors were covered with reed mats, while wooden stools, beds raised from the floor and individual tables comprised the furniture .
*** Hygiene and appearance : Most bathed in the Nile and used a pasty soap made from animal fat and chalk. Men shaved their entire bodies for cleanliness, and aromatic perfumes and ointments covered bad odors and soothed skin.
- Clothing was made from simple linen sheets that were bleached white, and both men and women of the upper classes wore wigs, jewelry, and cosmetics. Children went without clothing until maturity, at about age 12, and at this age males were circumcised and had their heads shaved. Mothers were responsible for taking care of the children, while the father provided the family's income.
- Clothing materials were mainly linen and in Roman times occasionally cotton, an import from India . Wool was used to a lesser extent .    Animal skins, above all leopard skins, were sometimes worn by priests and by pharaohs in their role as first servants of the god. Such outfits were found in Tutankhamen's tomb and were depicted quite frequently on the walls of tombs.
- Fashion    The clothes were generally made of linen and kept simple: a short loincloth resembling a kilt for men, a dress with straps for women.
- Laundering :  Cleanliness was apparently next to godliness in ancient Egypt.
Manually washing clothes was hard work. Soap was unknown to the ancient Egyptians, so lye, made of castor-oil and saltpetre or some such substances, or detergents made of soap wort or asphodel  were used. The laundry was beaten, rinsed and wrung by pairs of workers. By 1200 BCE there were fire-proof boilers in the wash-houses, and the hot water lightened the workload.
The poorer people had no access to facilities and had to do their laundry under at times difficult conditions. Washing on the shore of the river or the bank of a canal, which had the advantage of not having to carry a lot of water in heavy earthen pots.
- Headdresses : ordinary Egyptians did not wear any headdress as a rule , but it was better if you will put wigs like the Africans,perhaps on special occasions.
The pharaohs are always wearing crowns.
Footwear : Egyptians went barefoot much of the time, but wore sandals on special occasions or when their feet were likely to get hurt. The sandals were tied with two thongs and, if they had a pointed tip this was often turned upwards. They were made of leather or rush woven or stitched together, and often had leather soles and straps.Early Middle Kingdom shoes were little more than sandals with straps between the toes and joined to the sides at the heel with the upper leather just covering the foot without being fastened to the foot itself.

- Music and dance : were popular entertainments for those who could afford them. Early instruments included flutes and harps, while instruments similar to trumpets, oboes, and pipes developed later and became popular. In the New Kingdom, the Egyptians played on bells, cymbals, tambourines, and drums and imported lutes and lyres from Asia.[128] The sistrum was a rattle-like musical instrument that was especially important in religious ceremonies.

The ancient Egyptians maintained a rich cultural heritage complete with feasts and festivals accompanied by music and dance.

Thanks for your time .I hope it was easy and useful .

Life in Ancient Egypt in the Time of the Pharaohs{Part One}حياة المصريين القدماء

Introduction to Ancient Egypt


Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt.
Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh.
The history of ancient Egypt occurred in a series of stable Kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods. The Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age.
Egypt reached the top of its power during the New Kingdom { Egyptian Empire }, in the Ramesside period { after the eleven pharaohs that took the name of Ramesses }, after which it entered a period of slow decline. Egypt was conquered by a succession of foreign powers in this late period.Egypt was conquered by a succession of foreign powers in this late period.
The success of ancient Egyptian civilization came partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River Valley.Life in ancient Egypt was centered largely on agriculture. The predictable flooding and controlled irrigation of the fertile valley produced surplus crops, which fueled social development and culture .

The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building of monumental pyramids, temples, and obelisks; a system of mathematics, a practical and effective system of medicine, irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques, the first known ships, Egyptian faience and glass technology, new forms of literature, and the earliest known peace treaty .
Egypt left a lasting legacy. Its art and architecture were widely copied, and its antiquities carried off to far corners of the world.

Administration and commerce
The pharaoh was the absolute monarch of the country and, wielded complete control of the land and its resources.The king was the supreme military commander and head of the government,who relied on a bureaucracy of officials to manage his affairs .
The vizier, who acted as the king's representative .
Ancient Egyptians did not use coinage until the Late period , they were using a type of money-barter system.
During the 5th century BC coined money was introduced into Egypt from abroad. At first the coins were used as standardized pieces of precious metal rather than true money, but in the following centuries international traders came to rely on coinage.
Grain could be traded for other goods, according to the fixed price list.


Social status

Egyptian society was highly stratified, and social status was expressly displayed .
**Farmers made up the bulk of the population,but agricultural produce was owned directly by the state, temple, or noble family that owned the land.Farmers were also subject to a labor tax and were required to work on irrigation or construction projects in a corvée system.
**Artists and craftsmen were of higher status than farmers, but they were also under state control, working in the shops attached to the temples and paid directly from the state treasury.
**Scribes and officials formed the upper class in ancient Egypt .
**The so-called "white kilt class" in reference to the bleached linen garments that served as a mark of their rank.
**The upper class prominently displayed their social status in art and literature. Below the nobility were the priests, physicians, and engineers with specialized training in their field.
**Slavery was known in ancient Egypt , but the extent is not clear .

The ancient Egyptians viewed men and women, including people from all social classes except slaves, as essentially equal under the law.


Both men and women had the right to own and sell property, make contracts, marry and divorce, receive inheritance, and pursue legal disputes in court.
Compared with their counterparts in ancient Greece, Rome, and even more modern places around the world, ancient Egyptian women had a greater range of personal choices and opportunities for achievement. Women such as Hatshepsut and Cleopatra even became pharaohs.
Despite these freedoms,Egyptian women were not as likely to be as educated as men.

Please read also
Ancient Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
Ancient Egyptian symbols and Definitions
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Pharaoh

مقدمه لحضارة مصر القديمه

تواجدت حضاره مصر القديمه فى الشمال الشرقى لأفريفيا تركزت هذه الحضاره على   نهر النيل و هى الآن دوله مصر الحديثه 

و فى حوالى 3150 قبل الميلاد التأمت الحضارة المصرية  مع الوحدة السياسية لمصر العليا والسفلى تحت الفرعون الأول

و قد كان تاريخ مصر عباره عن سلسله من الممالك المستقره بينها فترات من الضعف   عرف بالفترات الانتقاليه عصر الدولة القديمة من العصر البرونزي المبكر ، المملكة الوسطى من العصر البرونزي الوسيط وعصر الدولة الحديثة من العصر البرونزي المتأخر

وصلت مصر الي قمة قوتها خلال عصر الدولة الحديثة  وهو ما عرف بالإمبراطورية  المصرية فى فترة الرعامسة  وسميت بهذا الأسم بعد الأحد عشر فرعون الذين كانوا يسموا باسم رمسيس بعدها شهدت البلاد تراجعا بطيئاو احتلت مصر بسلسله متعاقبه من القوى الاجنبيه 

اعتمد المصريون القدماء فى حضارتهم الخالده على نهر النيل و لهذا قامت حضارتهم على الزراعه  

حققت الحضاره المصريه القديمه انجازات كثيرة تشمل المحاجر و المسح وتقنيات التشييد و البناء سهلت بناء الأهرامات الضخمة والمعابد، و المسلات؛ و كذلك نظام للرياضيات و نظام عملي وفعال في الطب ونظم الري وتقنيات الانتاج الزراعي ، وأول سفن عرفها التاريخ  القيشاني المصري وتكنولوجيا الزجاج ، بالأضافه الى أشكال جديدة من الأدب وأول معاهدة سلام عرفها التاريخ 

تركت مصر إرثا دائما فقد تم نسخ و تقليد الفن و العماره المصريه القديمه على نطاق واسع 

كان المصريون القدماء رجالا و نساء متساوون امام القضاء ماعدا العبيد

كان الرجال و النساء متساون فى كل الحقوق فى البيع و الشراء و العقود و الزواج و الطلاق و قد سبقوا الممالك القديمه فى ذلك 

و كانت المرأة تتمتع بحريه كبيره فى المعاملات حتى انهن كن من اعظم ملكات التاريخ مثل حتشبسوت و نفرتيتى  

مع انهم مجتمع طبقى الأغلبيه من الفلاحين  وكان الفنانين و النحاتين اعلى شئنا من الفلاحين اما الاطباء و المهندسين فكانوا فى اعلى القائمه و يعتبروا من النبلاء

هذه نبذه بسيطه لان الموضوع طويل جدا 

اشكركم

Rainbow , And How To Create A Realistic Rainbow Effect With Photoshop (with video) قوس قزح

The original picture 

The Photoshop picture

What is a rainbow ?

A rainbow is an optical ( Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light,) and meteorological ( Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere) phenomenon that causes a spectrum of light to appear in the sky when the Sun shines on to droplets of moisture in the Earth's atmosphere. It takes the form of a multicoloured arc. Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the sun.

In a so-called "primary rainbow" (the lowest, and also normally the brightest rainbow) the arc of a rainbow shows red on the outer (or upper) part of the arc, and violet on the inner section. This rainbow is caused by light being reflected once in droplets of water. In a double rainbow, a second arc may be seen above and outside the primary arc, and has the order of its colours reversed (red faces inward toward the other rainbow, in both rainbows). This second rainbow is caused by light reflecting twice inside water droplets. The region between a double rainbow is dark. The reason for this dark band is that, while light below the primary rainbow comes from droplet reflection, and light above the upper (secondary) rainbow also comes from droplet reflection, there is no mechanism for the region between a double rainbow to show any light reflected from water drops.
Triple rainbows are impossible.

For colours seen by a normal human eye, the most commonly cited and remembered sequence, in English, is Newton's seven-fold red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. However, colour-blind persons will see fewer colors.

Causes And Visibility 
Rainbows can be caused by many forms of airborne water. These include not only rain, but also mist, spray, and airborne dew( Dew is water in the form of droplets that appears on thin, exposed objects in the morning or evening.).
The rainbow effect is also commonly seen near waterfalls or fountains. In addition, the effect can be artificially created by dispersing water droplets into the air during a sunny day.
The rainbow effect is also commonly seen near waterfalls or fountains. In addition, the effect can be artificially created by dispersing water droplets into the air during a sunny day.

N.B A moonbow (also known as a lunar rainbow, lunar bow or white rainbow) is a rainbow produced by light reflected off the surface of the moon rather than from direct sunlight. Moonbows are relatively faint, due to the smaller amount of light reflected from the surface of the moon. They are always in the opposite part of the sky from the moon.

Its Variations
* Double rainbow
* Supernumerary rainbow or stacker rainbow
* Reflected rainbow or reflection rainbow
* Monochrome rainbow
* Circumhorizontal arc

قوس قزح

قَوْسُ قُزح يسمى كذلك قوس المطر أو قوس الألوان وهو ظاهرة طبيعية فيزيائية ناتجة عن انكسار وتحلل ضوء الشمس خلال قطرة ماء المطر

يظهر القوس قزح بعد سقوط المطر أو خلال سقوط المطر والشمس مشرقة

تكون الألوان في القوس اللون الأحمر من الخارج ويتدرج إلى البرتقالي فالأصفر فالأخضر فالأزرق فأزرق غامق (نيلي) فبنفسجي من الداخل

ضوء الشمس يحتوي علي العديد من الالوان الطيفية وهي عبارة عن أشعة ذات اطوال موجية مختلفة

يظهر قوس القزح عادة بشكل نصف دائري وفي حالات نادرة يكون قمرياً حيث يكون انكسار ضوء القمر المسبب لهُ عبر قطرة الماء ملائماً مع مكان وجود القمر في تلك اللحظات. ويظهر للمشاهد نتيجة لضوئهِ الخافت أبيض لأن العين البشرية لا تستطيع ان ترى الألوان في الليل

Open the landscape picture you like in Photoshop .

• Add new layer and select the Gradient Tool , it will open the tool option bar up, select the shape like a rainbow ,and choose ,radial gradient and draw a horizontal line , it will draw the bow.Put the the blending mode of the layer to Screen . 
• Go to Filter Menu - Blur - Motion Blur put the distance to 24to 26 .   
• Add layer mask to that layer by selecting the layer and click the icon down( the diagram). Put the Foreground color to black and Background color to white .Go again to the Gradient Tool and select now black and white gradient and draw a line from down upward outside the bow .
• Duplicate the layer and put the Opacity from 10-15.
• Duplicate the second layer again and select the move tool and move it slightly outside the arc .
• Select the lower two layers and put them in one group (Ctrl +G).
• Add a layer mask to the group layer and put the color to black and select soft brush ( put the hardness to 0) and click on the area of the arc on the ground to eliminate it .
• That's all , save your work .  

Thanks 

Adjusting image color and tone with Photoshop- Using Levels

Adjusting image color and tone

You can notice the difference between the two pictures that is the Levels Adjustments 

Levels overview

You use the Levels adjustment to correct the tonal range and color balance of an image by adjusting intensity levels of image shadows, midtones, and highlights. The Levels histogram is a visual guide for adjusting the image key tones .

To open the Levels dialog box do one of the following :

• Click the Levels icon or a Levels preset in the Adjustments panel.
• Choose Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Levels. Click OK in the New Layer dialog box.
• Choose Image > Adjustments > Levels.

Note: Choosing Image > Adjustments > Levels makes direct adjustments to the image layer and discards image information

To adjust the shadows and highlights manually, drag the black and white Input Levels sliders to the edge of the first group of pixels at either end of the histogram.

• To adjust the the black color drag the black head of the slider .
• To adjust the the white color drag the white head of the slider.
• To adjust midtones, use the middle Input slider to make a gamma adjustment.
• You can also use the Auto button to auto adjust the tone of your pictures
• You can delete the whole layer if you do not like the results .
• You can also select the color mode if RGB  or CMYK. 

Eighth Wonder of the Worldعجيبه الدنيا الثامنه

Eighth Wonder of the World is a term sometimes used to describe things in comparison to the Seven Wonders of the World,

For understanding the meanings of this .
Wonders of the World are lists according to the age of man made constructions to.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World : the popularly known ancient list.( there is a post in the blog please just click the link)
Wonders of the World :
New Seven Wonders of the World : contemporary attempt to create a list of new seven wonders to update the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World concept with a modern list of wonders.It is

1. Chichen Itza ,Yucatán, Mexico .
2. Christ the Redeemer ,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .
3. Colosseum, Rome, Italy.
4. Great Wall of China, People's Republic of China.
5. Machu Picchu , Peru.
6. Petra ,al-Batrāʾ Ma'an Governorate, Jordan .
7. Taj Mahal, Agra, India.  

Things labeled as the Eighth Wonder of the World 

•   Natural places 

* Grand Canyon, in Arizona, in the United States.
* Halong Bay, in Vietnam
* Milford Sound, New Zealand; called so by Rudyard Kipling.
* Natural Bridge, in Virginia .
* Pink and White Terraces near Rotorua, New Zealand, destroyed by volcanic eruption in 1886, re-discovered under 60m of water in 2011 .
* Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland.
* Burney Falls in California; called so by Theodore Roosevelt.

• Pre-1900 creations

Banaue Rice Terraces, Philippines

مدرجات الارز فى الفلبين  

* Great Wall of China, China.
* The Taj Mahal, India.
* Stonehenge, United Kingdom.
* Machu Picchu, Peru.
* Banaue Rice Terraces, Philippines [ are 2000-year old terraces that were carved into the mountains of Ifugao in the Philippines by ancestors of the indigenous people. The Rice Terraces are commonly referred to by Filipinos as the "Eighth Wonder of the World"]
* The Terracotta Army of Xi'an, China.
* Amber Room in the Catherine Palace near Saint Petersburg, Russia.
* The monastery of San Lorenzo del Escorial, Spain.
* The rock-hewn churches at Lalibela, Ethiopia (Church of Saint George, Lalibela)
* The stelae of Axum, Ethiopia.
* Sigiriya, Sri Lanka.
* Royal Palace in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
* Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, United States
* Angkor Wat, Cambodia.
* The moai statues of Easter Island, Chile.

• Post-1900 creations

Palm Islands of Dubai.

جزر النخيل بدبى 

* Empire State Building, New York City.
* Palm Islands of Dubai.
* Panama Canal.
* Sydney Opera House in Sydney, Australia;[34] the story of its construction was recounted in the opera The Eighth Wonder
* Thames Barrier, London, England.
* Bahá'í terraces, on Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
* Three Gorges Dam in Hubei, China.
* Reliant Astrodome in Houston, Texas.
* Akshardham Delhi.
* West Baden Springs Hotel.
* Pikeville Cut-Through in Pikeville, Kentucky; given the title by The New York Times.
* International Space Station in Orbit around Earth; given the title by the Americans and Russians.
* Forra di Tremosine Road, on the coast of Lake Garda, Italy; given the title by Winston Churchill
* Great Manmade River Project in Libya; title given by Muammar Gaddafi for the world's largest irrigation project
* Karakoram Highway a road built on mountains nearly 4693 m high and a engineering milestone. situated between the Pakistani Gilgit-Baltistan region and Mainland China Xinjiang region.

• Popular culture

 * King Kong was introduced as the "Eighth Wonder of the World" in the 1933 RKO Pictures movie of the same title, as well as in the 2005 remake.
* André the Giant, a professional wrestler, was referred to as the 8th Wonder of the World by the World Wrestling Federation.Similarly, when female professional wrestler, Chyna, joined the organization several years later, she was billed as "The Ninth Wonder of the World."

عجيبه الدنيا الثامنه

هو مسمى يطلق على الاعمال التى ترقى فى الجمال الى درجه العجائب السبعه المعروفه ولكن طبعا بدرجه اقل  من ذلك 

ولفهم هذا اوضح التالى 

عجائب الدنيا قسمت الى اقسام عده بناء على عمرها و تاريخ انشائها الى 

عجائب الدنيا السبع في العالم القديم (القائمه القديمه ) وتشمل الهرم الاكبر بالجيزه و حدائق بابل المعلقه و مناره الاسكندريه واشياء اخرى  *

  عجائب الدنيا *

عجائب الدنيا السبعه الجديده  (القائمه الجديده ) والتى تضم* 

صور الصين العظيم فى الصين و البتراء فى الأردن و تاج محل فى الهند  و اشياء اخرى 

قسم الباحثين مايطلق عليهم عجيبه الدنيا الثامنه الى عده اقسام 

 الاول الاماكن الطبيعيه مثل الجسر الطبيعى فى فيرجينيا بالولايات المتحده و مدرجات الابيض و الوردى بنيوزيلاندا 

 الثانى ما تم تشييده قبل عام 1900 مثل سور الصين العظيم و تاج محل و مدرجات الارز فى الفلبين 

الثالث ماتم تشييده بعد عام 1900  مثل جزر النخيل بدبى و قناة بنما 

الرابع الثقافه الشعبيه مثل افلام كينج كونج  

 

Obesity And Weight loss with Photoshop السمنه و معالجتها بالفوتوشوب

Before

After

 Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems.

Body mass index  BMI :
 It is defined as the individual's body weight divided by the square of his or her height.
BMI = mass( kg ) / height ( m )square
 Body mass index (BMI), a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people as overweight (pre-obese) if their BMI is between 25 and 30 kg/m2, and obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m2 .

Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis.

The most commonly used definitions, established by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the BMI is :
Any BMI between 20-25 is  overweight (pre-obese) and obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m2 .
Any BMI ≥ 35 or 40 is severe obesity
A BMI of ≥ 35 or 40–44.9 or 49.9 is morbid obesity
A BMI of ≥ 45 or 50 is super obesity

Causes of obesity :
 Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness.

 Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.

Treatment of obesity :

• Dieting and physical exercise are the mainstays of treatment for obesity. Moreover, it is important to improve diet quality by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods such as those high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. 

• To supplement dieting and physical exercise  , or in case of failure, anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption.

• In severe cases, surgery is performed or an intragastric balloon is placed to reduce stomach volume and/or bowel length, leading to earlier satiation and reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food.

Mortality : 
Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide.Large-scale American and European studies have found that mortality risk is lowest at a BMI of 20–25 kg/m in non-smokers and at 24–27 kg/m2 in current smokers, with risk increasing along with changes in either direction .

Morbidity : 
Obesity increases the risk of many physical and mental conditions .It leads to Metabolic Syndrome,a combination of medical disorders which includes: diabetes mellitus type 2, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and high triglyceride levels. 

السمنه 

  هو مرض يحدث فيه تكدس للدهون في الجسم بالحد الذى يضر الصحه بصفه عامه وتؤدى الى الاصابه بأمراض عديده مثل الضغط والسكر و يصلب الشرايين و زياده الدهون فى الدم مما يزيد ايضا من قابليه تكون الجلطات فى الدم بأماكن مختلفه من الجسم 

مؤشر كتله الجسم BMI مقياس السمنه 

 Body mass indexاختصار ل 

  وهومن اشهر الطرق لقياس السمنه و هو غير دقيق بالنسبه للاعبين كمال الاجسام والحوامل  

و يكون يقسمه  وزن الشخص علي مربع طوله ( وزن الجسم / مربع الطول ) و تكون النتائج كالآتى 

من 20 - 25 وزن زائد و هى مرحله ماقبل السمنه   *

وتبدأ السمنه بعد نسبه 30   متدرجه من مرض السمنه الى سمنه خطيره تهدد الحياه  *

HOW TO DO THAT ? Please watch the video up .
Thanks 

Artificial Flowers And How To Designing It With Photoshop

Artificial flowers and imitations of natural flowers are sometimes made for scientific purposes (the collection of glass flowers at Harvard University, for example, which illustrates the flora of the United States), but more often as articles for commercial or residential decoration.

Materials used in their manufacture 
It have included painted linen and shavings of stained horn in Egypt, gold and silver in ancient Rome, rice-paper in China, silkworm cocoons in Italy, colored feathers in South America, and also wax and tinted shells.

Modern techniques involve carved or formed soap, nylon netting stretched over wire frames, ground clay, and mass-produced injection plastic mouldings. Polyester is the major material for manufacturing of artificial flowers since 1970s. Most artificial flowers in the market nowadays are made of polyester fabrics.

Types of flowers according to its material 

• Polyester and paper.

Today the major material used in artificial flower production is polyester fabric.

• Nylon Stocking Flowers .

The basic materials needed to make nylon flowers include: wire, stem wire, nylon stocking, nylon threading, floral tape and stamen. Some flowers require cotton balls or sheets (or you can use batting), white glue, acrylic paint and paint brushes.

• Silk Flowers.

It make the flowers and the entire plant look more life-like .These days’ silk flowers make use of a real touch technique which gives the plant a fairly realistic look.

• Colored Soap .

Both Carved ,and Molded soap 

• Clay.

Clay flowers are made by hand from special air-dry polymer clay or cold porcelain, steel wire, paint, glue, tape and sometimes paper and foam as a filler. With the help of cutters .

• Plastic.

Injection moulding is used for mass manufacture of plastic flowers. Plastic is injected into a preformed metal die.

• Glass ( the one I had imitated in my design) .

Flowers made of glass are typically more stylized and contemporary. Glass is melted and blown by hand into the shapes of the flower. Working with glass at high temperatures to form the flower is very difficult which is why glass flowers are much more expensive than typical artificial flowers.

This picture shows collection of artificial flowers with matching colors ,and glass appearance .

I wanted to draw a garden but, it comes like this .That artwork can be a card design if we save it in jpeg format . 

I liked it what is your opinion? 

ورود صناعيه من الزجاج 

حاولت رسم ورود الحديقه ولكنها اعجبتنى كذلك

ماذا ترون؟

أجمل ما يمكن ان تراه العيون هى الزهور  وخاصه الطبيعيه منها ولكن لصعوبه الامر  لدى البعض لتعذر العنايه بها او لارتفاع اسعارها   كان على الانسان ان يجد البديل فكانت الزهور الصناعيه 

و تختلف الزهور الصناعيه فى الشكل و المواد المستخدمه بها   فهناك الزهور المصنوعة  من الورق او البورسلين وهناك المصنوعه من النايلون   و كذلك الحرير واخرى مصنوعه   من الطين و البلاستيك وغيرها  

هناك ايضا الزهور المصنوعه من الزجاج و التى اردت رسمها و تجسيدها فى هذه   القطعه الفنيه ارجو ان تحوز اعجابكم  وقد اضفت فيديو توضيحى لكيفية رسمها بالفوتوشوب 

Change The Look Of your Photos to hand draw look With Video Tutorial

That is the original picture of the famous Egyptian actor Hussein Fahmi and his wife .

 Two colors of the Photoshop manipulated picture as if it was drawn by hand  

 HOW TO CHANGE THE LOOK OF YOUR PHOTO ?

1)    Open the picture in Photoshop

2)    Duplicate the layer.

Invert

3)    Go to Image - Adjustments - then select Invert.

4)    ''    ''     Filter –Blur then - Gaussian Blur –OK. Change the blending mode of the layer to Color Dodge. Go to the create new fill or adjustment layer button at the bottom of the layer panel, and select Threshold adjust the image to the look you like ( about 240-242).

 

5)    Add new layer,and adjust the blending mode to Multiply .Select the color of the foreground to the skin color. With the Paint Bucket Tool fill the layer with the skin color of the foreground (just click the working area ).
 
6)    Duplicate the Background layer and move it to the top of the layers.

7)    Put the Foreground color to the hair color (brown) ,and the Background color to white.


8)    Go to Filter menu –Sketch – Halftone pattern.Adjust it as shown in the diagram Change the blending mode to Overlay or Multiply.

9) Save your work

I hope you will like it 

Forest and how to design it with illustrator ‘symbols الغابات و كيف تصمم غابة ببرنامج اليوستريتور بطريقة سهلة

A forest also referred to as a wood or the woods .It is an area with a high density of trees. A forest is an area of land with many trees. Many animals need forests to live and survive. Forests are very important and can be found all over the World. Many forests are being cut down for houses to be built because of overpopulation. This cutting down of forests is called deforestation and it is causing damage to the natural habitat of animals. Even roads have been built for the peoples to pass through the forest to reach their destination. People have gotten rid of forest to build towns cities, farms, factories and other things that we will use.

An illustrator design for a forest 

Distribution of forests 

Forests can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the tree line, except where natural fire frequency or other disturbance is too high, or where the environment has been altered by human activity. 

The tree line is the edge of the habitat at which trees are capable of growing. Beyond the tree line, they are unable to grow because of inappropriate environmental conditions (usually cold temperatures, insufficient air pressure, or lack of moisture) 

I tried to imagine the forest, and designed that picture to show what is in my mind .I collected some trees and plants like grass .I added also some animals like the zebra and some birds. I liked the view of the butterflies so I added some also. I collected all of that in an art work around a nice small house in an artistic way as what I imagined. I put that artwork in on frame.

I hope you will like it. I need your opinion.

 من المعلوم ان الغابات هى ارض ذات كثافه عاليه من الاشجار و الحيوانات 

حاولت ان اتخيل الغابات فرسمتها كما ترون اضفت بعض الاشجار مع الاعشاب والطيور مع بعض الحيوانات مثل الحمار الوحشى الذى ربما يتواجد هناك.و جمعت كل هذه الاشياء و الكائنات حول بيت صغير اشبه بالكوخ ليتناغم مع ما حوله .محاولتهً أن تكون لوحه فنيه معبره عما تخيلته و أرجو ان تكون رقيقه كذلك.
ارجو ان تعجبكم .

HOW TO DESIGN THE PICTURE WITH DIAGRAMS ?

Sunglasses And how to add shadow to it with Photoshopاضافه ظل فوتوشوب للنظاره

The original picture of the sunglasses.

The Photoshop manipulated picture 

النظارات الشمسيه 

هى شكل من اشكال الحمايه للعيون من اشعه الشمس الحارقه والأشعة فوق البنفسجية الضارة والتى تسبب العديد من المشاكل للعيون 

Sunglasses or sun glasses are a form of protective eyewear designed primarily to prevent bright sunlight and high-energy visible light from damaging or discomforting the eyes. They also help cancel out harmful ultraviolet radiation (UV) rays from the sun and blue light, which can cause several serious eye problems . They can sometimes also function as a visual aid .

Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays, in the range 10 nm to 400 nm, and energies from 3eV to 124 eV. It is named because the spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than those that humans identify as the color violet.
Although ultraviolet is invisible to the human eye, most people are aware of the effects of UV through the painful condition of sunburn, but the UV spectrum has many other effects, both beneficial and damaging, to human health.

Functions of the sunglasses :

* Visual clarity and comfort ,

Sunglasses can improve visual comfort and visual clarity by protecting the eye from glare [ Glare is difficulty seeing in the presence of bright light such as direct or reflected sunlight or artificial light such as car headlamps at night.] 

* Protection
Sunglasses offer protection against excessive exposure to light, including its visible and invisible components.
 

* Further functions of sunglasses
   To be used in sports ,space ,and  under water .

Applying the shadow to the sunglasses with Photoshop manipulation .

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World عجائب الدنيا السبع فى العالم القديم

صوره خياليه لحدائق بابل المعلقه  

The original picture of  Hanging Gardens of Babylon [imaginary picture] 

The Photoshop manipulated picture

الصوره بعد المعالجه بالفووشوب

The Photoshop manipulated picture  الصوره بعد المعالجه بالفووشوب

عجائب الدنيا السبع هي سبعة أعمال فنية ومعمارية اعتبرها الإغريق والرومان إنشاءات إعجازية في العالم القديم و هناك عده قوائم لهذه العجائب 

الاولى - الهرم الأكبر في الجيزة (مصر) وهي العجيبة الوحيدة التي ما زالت موجودة حتى الآن.

الثانيه - حدائق بابل المعلقة (العراق)  بناها بختنصرلزوجته الملكه أمييهيا والتي كانت من الطبقة الوسطى في البلاد وأتت من المناطق الجبلية إلى أرض بابل المنبسطة وكانت تشتاق إلى رؤية الجبال ولحدائق وطنها ميديا 

بنيت الحدائق تقريبا 600.م. في بابل بالعراق الحالي, وتعرف كذلك بحدائق سمير أميس المعلقة كلمة بابل باللغة الاكادية تعني (باب الاله) وكان للحدائق المعلقة 8 بوابات وكان أفخمها بوابة عشتار.
الحديقة من جمالها وروعتها الخلابة كانت تدخل المرح والسرور إلى قلب الإنسان عند النظر إليها، وزرعت فيها جميع أنواع الأشجار، الخضروات والفواكه والزهور وتظل مثمرة طول العام وذلك بسبب تواجد الأشجار الصيفية والشتوية، ووزعت فيها التماثيل بأحجامها المختلفة في جميع أنواع الحديقة لبناء الحدائق المعلقه شيد نبوخذنصر(بوختنصر) الثاني قصراً كبيراً وزرع على سطحه كميه كبيره من النباتات والأزهار ذات الالوان الجذابة بحيث غطي شكل القصر وكأنه جبل مزروع بالنباتات والأزهار. وزرعت الأشجار والأزهار فوق أقواس حجريه ارتفاعها 23 متراً فوق سطوح الأراضي المجاورة للقصر وكانت تسقى من مياه الفرات بواسطة نظام ميكانيكي معقد وكانت تقع على الضفة الشرقية من نهر الفرات حوالي 50 كم جنوب بغداد.

الحدائق عبارة عن أربعة أفدنه علي شكل شرفات معلقة علي أعمدة ارتفاعها 75 قدماً 23 مترا 

وقد دمرت هذه الحدائق بزلزال 

الثالثه  هيكل آرتميس في أفسوس (اليونان)   هو معبد الإلهة اليونانية آرتميس  ولا يوجد شيء من بقاياه الآن،بُني الهيكل بكامله من الرخام باستثناء السقف الخشبي المغطىَّ بالقرميد 

أحرِق المعبد عام 356 ق.م وبُني معبد آخر شبيه على أساساته. ثم أحرق القوط المعبد الثاني عام 262 م، ولم تبق سوى الأساسات وجزء من المعبد الثاني. ويحوي المتحف البريطاني منحوتتين من المعبد الثاني 

   

الرابعه ضريح موسولوس( تركيا )بناه الملك اليونانى القديم (موزول) عام 337 ق.م.فى  غرب الأناضول (تركيا حاليا) تمتع هذا الملك بشهرة واسعة في عصره حيث كان ميالا لحياة البذخ والترف، مما دفعه لأن يشيد لنفسه وهو على قيد الحياة ضريحا فخمًا يتناسب مع مكانته، والذي سرعان مااعتبر من عجائب الدنيا السبع القديمة لضخامته، ونقوشه الباهظة التكاليف، وزخارفها التي تتسم بالبذخ والعظمة.

أطلق على هذا البناء في ذلك الوقت (الموزوليوم). وفي العصر الروماني أصبحت كلمة "موزوول" لفظا عاما يعني أي مقبرة ضخمة، حتى أن تلك الكلمة أيضا أصبحت ترجمتها بالعربية في العصر الحالي ضريح، حيث يطلق على أي مقبرة ذات تصميمات معمارية ضخمة.

يذهب بعض الباحثين إلى الاعتقاد بأن زوجة الملك موزول التي كانت تدعى آرتميس هي التي شيدت لزوجها الضريح بعد وفاته. كان الضريح الذي لم يتبق منه شيء اليوم، عبارة عن بناء مستطيل الشكل، ارتفاعه الكلي يبلغ حوالي 45 مترا، يتكون من ثلاثة أجزاء. المستوى السفلي منه عبارة عن قاعة ضخمة من الرخام الأبيض، يليه المستوى الثاني الذي يوجد به 36 عمودًا، موزعة على جميع أجزاء البناء، تحمل تلك الأعمدة سقفا على شكل هرم مدرج، تعلوه عربة فاخرة ذات أربعة جياد.

ما يميز الضريح الأعجوبة هو النقوش البارزة، والزخارف المنحوتة والتماثيل المتفاوتة الأحجام على الأعمدة، وعلى جميع أركان الضريح، التي كانت تحكي قصصا مصورة لبعض المعارك الأسطورية، كما يوجد بقاعدته دهليز يؤدي إلى غرفة بها الكثير من الكنوز والتحف الذهبية، كذلك كانت رفاة وعظام موزول التي تم حرقها طبقا للطقوس اليونانية، ملفوفة في قماش مطرز بالذهب، موضوعة داخل تابوت من الرخام الأبيض الفاخر. يوجد الآن مسجد في نفس المنطقة التي كان يوجد بها الضريح 

الخامسه  عملاق رودس  لم يتبق له أي أثر وهو تمثال ضخم لإله الشمس هليوس الذي كانوا يعبدونه.قام النحات اليوناني القديم كارس تشاريز بنحت التمثال العملاق. تم صنع قاعدة كبيرة من الرخام الأبيض لوضع هيكل التمثال عليها كما تم تثبيت الأقدام والكاحل أولا ثم بقية أجزاء التمثال، وقام العمال بصب السائل البرونزي فوق الهيكل الحجري الذي صنعه النحات.

استغرق بناء التمثال حوالي 12 عاما وظل منتصبا في شموخ على مدخل الجزيرة لما يقرب من 200 عام حتى هدم بفعل زلزال مدمر ضرب الجزيرة.


السادسه  منارة الاسكندريه او فنار الإسكندرية (الإسكندرية - مصر)  وكانت تسمى فاروس   موقعها كان على طرف شبه جزيرة فاروس وهي المكان الحالي لقلعة قايتباي في مدينة الإسكندرية في مصر. تعتبر أول منارة في العالم أقامها سوسترات في عهد "بطليموس الثاني" عام 270 ق.م وترتفع 120 مترا ودمرت في زلزال عام 1323

وكان طولها البالغ مائةً وعشرين متراً، ويعتقد البعض أن الحجارة المستخدمة في بناء قلعة قايتباي هي من أحجار الفنار المدمر، كما أن موقع القلعة هو ذاته موقع فنار المنهار، وقد وصف "المسعودي"، في عام 944 م، الفنار وصفاً أميناً، وقدَّر ارتفاعها بحوالي 230 ذراعاً. وقد حدث زلزال 1303 م في عهد السلطان "الناصر محمد بن قلاوون"، فضرب شرق البحر المتوسط، ودمر حصون الإسكندرية وأسوارها ومنارتها 

وذكرَ أن الأمير "ركن الدين بيبر الجشنكير" قد عمَّر المنارة، أي رمَّمها، في عام 703 هـ وبعد ذلك الزلزال المدمر بنصف قرن

 
السابعه  تمثال زوس في أوليمبيا (اليونان)  زيوس هو كبير آلهة الإغريق القدماء، أحد شخصيات الأساطير الإغريقية الشهيرة التي حظيت بإجلال وتقدير الشعب الإغريقي وذلك للقوة والبطولة التي تمتع بها بحسب ما جاء في إحدى الأساطير 

بلغ ارتفاع التمثال أكثر من 13 مترا، بينما بلغ ارتفاع القاعدة حوالي 6 أمتار.

تم صنع الجسد من العاج، بينما صنعت العباءة التي يرتديها زيوس في التمثال من الذهب الخالص، أما القاعدة فكانت من الرخام الأسود، وتعد الأثر الوحيد المتبقي من أجزاء التمثال 

 هذا ملخص لعجائب الدنيا السبع ارجو ان يحوز على اعجابكم و يلقى الضوء على بعض النقاط المجهوله لدى البعض.

The Seven Wonders of the World (or the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) refers to remarkable constructions of classical antiquity .
The most prominent of these, the versions by Antipater of Sidon and an observer identified as Philon of Byzantium, comprise seven works located around the Mediterranean rim. The original list inspired innumerable versions through the ages, often listing seven entries. Of the original Seven Wonders, only one—the Great Pyramid of Giza, the oldest of the ancient wonders—has remained relatively intact until the present day.

 1 - Great Pyramid of Giza :Built by Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu .It was believed to have been built as the tomb of the pharaoh.It Still in existence The name of the modern location is Giza Necropolis, Egypt .

2 - Hanging Gardens of Babylon : Built by the king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire - Nebuchadnezzar II - for his wife - Amytis of Media .It was multi-levelled gardens reaching 22 metres (75 feet) high, complete with machinery for circulating water. Large trees grew on the roof. It was destroyed with Earthquake After 1st century BC .The name of the modern location is Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq . 

3 - Temple of Artemis at Ephesus :  Built by Lydians, Persians, Greeks ,and was dedicated to the Greek goddess Artemis, it took 120 years to build. Herostratus burned it down to achieve lasting fame.Herostratus was a young man and historic arsonist seeking notability who burned down the Temple of Artemis in ancient Greece. Rebuilt by Alexander the Great only to be destroyed again by the Goths.  .The name of the modern location is near Selçuk, Izmir Province, Turkey .

4 - Statue of Zeus at Olympia : Built by Greeks Occupied the whole width of the aisle of the temple that was built to house it, and was 12 meters (40 feet) tall.It was destroyed by fire  .The name of the modern location  Olympia, Greece .

5 - Mausoleum of Halicarnassus :  Origin of the word mausoleum, the tomb built for Mausolus a satrap in the Persian Empire , Built by Carians, Persians, Greeks  Stood approximately 45 meters (150 feet) tall, with each of the four sides adorned with sculptural reliefs.Satrap was the name given to the governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid (Persian) Empires .

Cause of destruction .The original structure was destroyed by flood. A new structure was built and was damaged by an earthquake and eventually disassembled by European Crusaders.  The name of the modern location is Bodrum, Turkey .

6 - Colossus of Rhodes : Built by Greeks It is a giant statue of the Greek god Helios, god of the sun, c. 35 m (110 ft) tall.  It was destroyed by Earthquake .The name of the modern location is Rhodes, Greece .

7 - Lighthouse of Alexandria : Built by Hellenistic Egypt, (Greeks) Between 115 and 135 meters (380 – 440 ft) high, it was among the tallest structures on Earth for many centuries. The name of the island that it was built on, Pharos, eventually became the Latin word for lighthouse, pharos .     It was destroyed by Earthquake .  The name of the modern location is Alexandria, Egypt .

    

  
The Photoshop lesson

 The post is long so, I had added a simple design. Just add a simple frame for the picture with Costum Shap Tool.

Manal Raafat
منال رأفت

Migration of birds

Many bird species migrate to take advantage of global differences of seasonal temperatures, therefore optimising availability of food sources and breeding habitat. These migrations vary among the different groups. Many landbirds, shorebirds, and waterbirds undertake annual long distance migrations, usually triggered by the length of daylight as well as weather conditions. These birds are characterised by a breeding season spent in the temperate or arctic/antarctic regions and a non-breeding season in the tropical regions or opposite hemisphere. Before migration, birds substantially increase body fats and reserves and reduce the size of some of their organs. 


This design shows migration of birds and flying birds in the sky that made me thought about our God and his power to create such birds ,which is different in every thing color ,type,size,and gender
 male and female.

حينما تتامل الطيور فى السماء لابد ان تقول سبحان الله الخالق لهذا الجمال والتنوع  والاختلاف فى كل شئ حجما ونوعا ولونا 

سبحان الله الذى جعل الطيور تختار الجو المناسب و البيئه المناسبه فتهاجر من مكان الى مكان تراه افضل لاقامتها وبقائها 

سبحان الله الذى علمها ما يجب عليها فعله قبل الهجره فالطيور تعمل على تخزين مايلزمها من دهون فى رحلتها الطويله ويدفعها الى تقليل حجم بعض اعضاء جسدها فيخف وزنها وتسهل حركتها و لا يسعنا إلا أن نقول سبحان الله.

سبحان الله  

 HOW TO DESIGN ? 

1. Start by opening new document in Photoshop with 850 x 625 pixels.
2. Transparent background.
3. Add new layer.Adjust your background color to 86dbc4 .Go to the filter menu choose Render-clouds filter.Now you made sky.
4.  Go to the custom shape tool in the tool box & click it .then go to the shape in the menu up &choose from the animal shapes the shape of a bird ,go to style button choose your style ,and start drawing.
5. Apply free transformer to adjust size(scale), shape(skew ),and direction.
6.  Lastly add new layer, I chose brush tool to give the handwriting effect you can choose type tool and write what you like.
7.  Save your work.